ABSTRACT
Two hundred and thirty cases of diabetes mellitus were selected in a case-control fashion by applying systemic random sampling technique taking 20% of the patients attending the diabetic clinic of Calcutta National Medical College during the period from January to June, 2003 to find out association and risks of some socio-economic and demographic factors with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. Controls were selected from the patients admitted in the department of surgery in the same period. Factors like physical activity, socio-economic status, residential status, family history and obesity have shown statistically significant association with diabetes. For physical activity the estimated relative risk is maximum in case of sedentary worker where the odd's ratio was 9.4. So far other factors are concerned the estimated relative risk of diabetes was 5.1 in case of urban population, 6.2 in case of positive family history, 2.5 in case of upper and upper middle classes, and 2.4 in case of obesity in comparison to their respective reference category.
Subject(s)
Adult , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Life Style , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
The present study shows overall prevalence (64%) of reproductive tract infection among adolescent girls, based on self-perceived symptoms. Mean age of respondents were found to be 17.8 +/- 0.82 years and mean age at marriage and mean age at first pregnancy were 17.2 years and 17.5 years respectively; 35.35% of girls in the present study were married. In addition, no significant difference was observed between unmarried (60.10%) and married (71.17%) reproductive tract infection groups. Moreover, no significant association was present in prevalence of reproductive tract infection between the Muslim (67%) and the Hindu (60%). Highest prevalence (84.06%) of reproductive tract infection was observed among illiterate girls and with improvement of educational status there was decrease in the prevalence and the association was found highly significant. Significantly, higher prevalence (72%) was observed among members of family size 7 and above.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Age Factors , Demography , Educational Status , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infections/diagnosis , Prevalence , Risk Assessment , Socioeconomic Factors , SyndromeABSTRACT
Evaluation of the Coverage of Maternal Care Services was conducted during the year 1999 in the entire State of West Bengal, Urban poor localities of randomly selected three Municipal Corporation areas and 'high-risk' urban wards or villages of West Bengal that had reported AFP cases in 1998. It was observed that mothers who had three or more antenatal check-ups varied between 54% to 82% in different study areas. Tetanus Toxoid coverage varied between 83.5% to 93.4% being lowest in high-risk areas. Only a very small section of mothers (12.7% to 23.7%) consumed 100 or more Iron and Folic acid tablets during pregnancy. 'Danger Signs' of pregnancy were informed to only 21.1% to 38.2% of the pregnant mothers. Proportion of home deliveries varied between 16.7% (Calcutta) to as high as 72.7% (high-risk areas). Deliveries conducted by untrained personnel were 60.8% in high risk areas, 38.1% in State clusters and between 14.2% to 29.4% in the three urban areas. Vast majority of mothers (78.8% to 88.4%) received no post-natal check-up.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Folic Acid/administration & dosage , Health Services Research , Humans , India , Iron/administration & dosage , Maternal Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Postpartum Period , Poverty Areas , Pregnancy , Tetanus Toxoid/administration & dosage , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Higher Secondary School students and their teachers were studied to assess the knowledge about AIDS and attitude towards AIDS patients. Only 13.5% senior school students and 16.2% teachers had clear knowledge regarding AIDS--its general aspects, transmission and prevention. Girls had higher and clear knowledge than boys. 45.8% of girls, 38.8% of boys students and 20.3% of teachers had positive attitudes towards nursing an AIDS case. It is suggested that schools have to device ways to open up more effective communication with students in relation to education on sex and AIDS. Training on AIDS should be emphasized on school teachers who on their turn can teach the students in a correct way about AIDS.